Yes, you should vote.

Plus, an update on Ukraine.

I’m Isaac Saul, and this is Tangle: an independent, ad-free, subscriber-supported politics newsletter that summarizes the best arguments from across the political spectrum on the news of the day — then “my take.”

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EDITOR'S NOTE: Today's newsletter is a Friday edition for subscribers only, but I've decided to send it to our entire mailing for free. I'm publishing it in conjunction with an update on the situation in Ukraine (at the bottom), and with some quick hits on the news over the last few days.

The cynics.

An interesting thing happened to me last year.

While the George Floyd protests spread across the U.S., I watched my social circle snap to attention and dedicate themselves to understanding police violence, racial injustice, and politics in the places they lived. For months on end, my social media feeds were filled with posts of support, explainers, and opinions. My inbox was full of questions. My dinners out and time at the bar were dominated by explicitly political conversations — difficult, nuanced, informed discussion.

Everyone wanted to do something.

In New York, this movement was electric and palpable. And if there was one important moment to latch onto to effect some change, it was the impending mayoral race. Local politics have long been the most effective way to change policing and the judicial system, and New York was about to enter one of the wildest, most-watched mayoral races in recent memory, with a slew of progressives speaking the language of reform running up against a former presidential candidate (Andrew Yang) and a tough-on-crime former cop, who happened to also be Black (Eric Adams).

In New York, a city dominated by Democratic voters, the primary race was — for all intents and purposes — the actual mayoral race. But when it came around, I noticed something peculiar and, frankly, shocking: Very few of my friends actually voted.

When I asked people if they had voted, the most common response I got was, "The election was today?" There weren't many "I Voted" stickers in my Instagram feed and there was very little political discussion about the race over dinners or at the bar. It was odd and confounding. But it is not at all unique.

It's not a secret that many Americans are cynical about their vote.

Whether you track this by the percentage of registered voters or the percentage of the voting age population who vote, the U.S. tends to sit pretty far down the list of developed nations when it comes to voter participation rates. Some countries near the top, like Australia or Belgium, have compulsory voting (it's required by law). But most do not.

Broadly speaking, there are two buckets that voters fall into when they talk about why they don't vote: Barriers and apathy. Barriers are the structural issues that voters run into that prevent them from voting, while apathy is the lack of interest, enthusiasm, or belief that their vote matters or will change anything.

One of the most extensive examinations of these buckets came from FiveThirtyEight, which put together a survey of over 8,000 people while also tracking their voting history to understand how they participated in elections over time.

The barriers, by now, are probably well-known to you. Registering to vote can be cumbersome. It requires meeting deadlines, having a stable home address, sending in paperwork, (sometimes) providing identification, and paying close attention to when elections are coming. Actually voting can be difficult, too: It requires taking time off of work or getting to a polling place before or after work. For many parents, it requires finding child care. For many voters, it requires actually getting to the polling place — sometimes via public transportation if you don't have a car — and doing it in a timely fashion.

The result is that in any given election somewhere between 35% and 60% of eligible voters never cast a ballot.

Thanks to these barriers, as FiveThirtyEight points out, the people who do vote tend to be higher income, better educated, more likely to be white and more likely to identify with a specific political party. Nonvoters were more likely to be low-income, young, have lower levels of education and lack party identification.

When asked about the barriers to voting, those surveyed in the FiveThirtyEight poll most often cited lines that lasted more than an hour, missing a voter registration deadline, not being able to get off work, and not being able to find or physically access their polling place (which is a major issue for Americans with disabilities).

These barriers are real, insidious, and clearly play a large role in why many people don't vote.

But the apathy bucket is, perhaps, even larger. And it's the one I am going to address today.

In the FiveThirtyEight survey, nearly a quarter of the non-voters or irregular voters (i.e. they didn't vote often) mentioned the barriers above. But 31% said that they decided not to vote because they disliked the candidates, and another 26% said they decided not to vote because they thought nothing would change as a result of the election.

It's hard to blame people for this feeling. When you look at why people don't vote, the refrains are familiar:

No matter who wins, nothing will change. I didn't like any of the candidates. The system is too broken to be fixed by voting. All the candidates are the same. I wanted to vote but something came up. I don't believe in voting. Because of where I live, my vote doesn't matter. Nobody talks about issues that are important to me. I'm not sure if I can vote.

There is truth in all of this. Just 40 of the 435 congressional races in the United States were considered competitive in 2016. If you live in a state like New York or Louisiana, it can seem obvious that your vote in something like a presidential race doesn't matter. Independents are now the largest political bloc in America (46%) when people are asked to self-identify (Republicans: 24%, Democrats: 28% according to January Gallup polling).

All this is to say: I think these are legitimate gripes.

Now let me tell you why you should still vote.

For starters, most elections involve more than just one race. If you're a liberal living in Wyoming, where Trump won 70% of the vote in 2020, it might feel pointless to go vote in a presidential race. But that federal election also included races in Congress and, perhaps, local races or ballot initiatives.

In 2020, for instance, there were a huge number of ballot initiatives — single issue yes or no votes — on everything from marijuana legalization to whether gig workers should be employees to raising the minimum wage to $15. These are not votes to put people in power who you may not think are going to do anything — they are literally an opportunity to, overnight, change the law in your state. Ballot initiatives, on their own, should be reason enough for you to show up at the polls in most elections. Often, those ballot initiatives are actually directly tied to the barriers we wrote about above — meaning your vote could potentially reduce the number of barriers to voting that other people face.

If you need any convincing your vote does count, though, you should know there were a huge number of close races for Congress. Georgia, New York and Iowa all had key races whose results took weeks after election day to finalize. And across the country, every year, there are local races that are decided by fewer than 100 votes. In fact, there have been a number of significant elections decided by a single vote. NPR has helpfully put together a list of those races here.

Assuming for a moment that the empirical evidence your vote is likely to matter is not convincing, or perhaps it really is true that your vote is unlikely to change the result of any race where you live, consider this: Politicians respond to trends.

In 2020, for instance, Democrats won the presidency, House and Senate. But what did they do for the months after the election? They spent time panicking about how many Hispanic voters they were losing. Why? Because even though they won all those elections, they saw a trend they didn't like — one that forced them to change their strategy.

It's important to know that in politics, it is not simply about wins and losses. It is about electorates, strategizing, the future, and those dreadful trends. When you go to vote in an election, even if your vote doesn't produce the outcome you want, it can produce a trend that forces your legislators to take notice. This is why Republicans worry about winning back Black voters and suburban moms and it's why Democrats worry about Hispanic voters and white men without college degrees.

The result of that worry is actual, legitimate change. Over time, parties will change their policy platforms, where they campaign, or their stances on issues to win over certain voting blocs. Your vote, and the trend it produces, can help change a party's platform even if it doesn't produce the electoral outcome you want.

These are all practical, tangible reasons to vote. You can incite change, elicit a response from politicians and there are almost certainly issues where your life could be impacted.

Now onto the less tangible.

Many non-voters express a belief that every politician is the same. I am not entirely sure how to shatter that generalization, but let me put it bluntly: They are not. I have interviewed dozens of politicians. I have watched hundreds of debates. I have seen how bills are drafted and move through Congress or state houses or city councils.

Politicians are not all the same.

Some are smart, qualified, honest and motivated by sincere beliefs. Some are dishonest, opportunist, unqualified and have fewer problem-solving skills than your average American.

As Tangle demonstrates daily, there are also two dominant ideologies in the United States: Conservative and Liberal. This duopoly is not perfect, and I sometimes regret breaking issues down along those lines, but it exists in part because it is real. Because so many Americans hold incongruent and mixed views, the breakdown of left/right in the United States is not easy. But MediaBiasFactCheck.com has a useful explanation of left vs. right:

Left: Collectivism: Community over the individual. Equality, environmental protection, expanded educational opportunities, social safety nets for those who need them.

Right: Individualism: Individual over the community. Limited government with individual freedom and personal property rights. Competition.

This left-right dichotomy is real. We see it every day in Tangle. All politicians are not the same.

Now, let's assume for a moment that you are not buying any of this. Let's assume that you're here, and you are still wholly convinced your vote doesn't matter and all politicians are the same.

Let me propose this to you: Those politicians you loathe, and that system you are deriding, they depend on your apathy. They need it to succeed. They need you to believe what you believe in order to stay in power and to keep the status quo. Quite literally, one of the only ways you can fight them — in a tangible way — is to vote.

Like him or hate him, Andrew Yang actually explained why this is so important quite clearly to me during our interview a few weeks ago. When discussing how politicians hold onto power, Yang said this about being an incumbent candidate in a primary race: "All I have to do is keep myself from getting primaried among the 10% to 15% most extreme people in my district and then I win! So I'll act like a little bit more of a zealot or jackass or whatever, or just duck certain questions. Our democracy is structurally broken, and most of us know it on some level and so we're checking out."

In other words, because the only people who are voting are those with super strong political beliefs — far to one side of the left-right spectrum — that's who politicians campaign to. The apathy from everyone else is a tool they use to stay in power and an incentive for them to move to the fringe. Yang's solution is to switch to open primaries and ranked-choice-voting. My solution is that you vote. In fact, I'd argue that Yang's solution is essentially impossible unless more people vote.

Finally, I'll give you the flag-loving mush: You should vote because you can.

Of all the weeks to reflect on this freedom we have, this one should drive it home. We're watching an authoritarian who imprisons or kills political dissidents invade an independent nation because he fears them breaking away — because he fears a world where Ukrainians continue to pick their own leaders.

This right that we have did not come easily. Many people died fighting for it. Many people are currently risking their lives to come here and enjoy it. You can mock this as American exceptionalism, but it isn't. We are not the only democracy in the world, and our democracy is currently having a helluva time. So anyone reading this who lives in a democratic country where you get to pick your leaders should feel immense gratitude. Choosing our elected representatives is a gift, like being born into a family with financial stability or being born with a healthy functioning body. Do not waste it in the name of apathy — seize it, make it better.

On March 1st, four days from now, the 2022 Texas midterm primaries begin. Early voting is already underway. Many more elections are coming after that, and you can find the full schedule for them here.

I don't care who you vote for. But I do care — and hope deeply — that more and more people begin to participate in our democratic process. So, if you haven't yet, consider this my plea for you to join the fray.

An update in Ukraine.

If you haven't read yesterday's piece about Ukraine, I suggest you go do that.

Obviously, today's edition comes at an odd time. I didn't want to send out this edition on voting without addressing the elephant in the room. And I decided to send it to the entire mailing list (not just paying subscribers) given the main topic and current world events unfolding.

In the last 24 hours since I wrote to you, I’ve been seeing a lot of black and white among people discussing the invasion of Ukraine. I’d like to point to some of the gray.

For starters, one of the prevailing narratives that seems to be bubbling up is the idea that Americans seem quite concerned about this war — especially in comparison to conflicts in the Middle East that we have either worsened or, in some cases, started. This tweet from Nabih Bulos sums it up well:

I think this is a strong observation. But I'd like to add some context to it. First, let me say unequivocally that it's good this invasion is horrifying to so many people in America. We should be horrified, and we should embrace that feeling. We should not scorn folks because they “didn’t care” about what’s happening in Yemen or Iraq (I don't think Bulos is doing that, but I'm seeing a lot of it online).

Most Americans don’t have time to spend hours every day reading the news. They digest what is put before them. The invasion of Ukraine isn’t just one of the first major conflicts in our current, advanced information ecosystem. It’s also the first major conflict involving a global superpower using land troops to invade a sovereign and internationally recognized country in our current information ecosystem. Americans read months of social media warnings, opinion pieces, explainers, and watched TV pundits argue about what was happening. And then we watched in real-time as Putin invaded. This was always going to be captivating and terrifying in a way other wars have not been.

But it's hard to miss the dichotomy. I'm sure that conflicts where the dead are Arabs or the casualties of warring Islamic sects, or where Americans are the aggressor, may feel different to many millions of people here. They feel further away, or part of the norm, or maybe they even feel more just. I personally feel shame for not giving more attention over the last two or three years to the conflict in Yemen, perhaps the worst humanitarian crisis of our time, and one where our involvement — via arms sales to Saudi Arabia — is causing so much of the carnage.

But I'd like to suggest that what we are seeing now — the fact of what Putin is doing has clearly hit home — is a reminder that even in today’s political climate, the humanity of people in faraway places can be grasped and felt. It’s an opportunity for us to highlight those under-reported injustices, too. It means the horrors of Yemen or the Israel-Palestine conflict or Somalia or Afghanistan or Iraq or Xinjiang would hit home, but only if they are truly seen by Americans. Only if they are fully understood.

If you’re interested in a world where there is less war and subjugation, you should use this moment to promote peace, not to make people feel crappy for caring about Ukraine. There's plenty of blame to go around in the press, too, and that includes myself. ‘Why don't we give those conflicts the attention they deserve?’ is not just a question answered by ‘the modern social media age,’ but it's one I'll be thinking about more often in the coming days and weeks.

Another narrative I've seen percolating — or dividing folks — is this idea of whether this was "NATO's fault" or "Putin's fault."

We addressed this a bit yesterday, but to reiterate: You don't have to pick one. It is perfectly okay to think that Putin is a deranged, bloodthirsty dictator (which I believe he is) and that U.S.-NATO-Biden diplomacy has, so far, failed. I don't know how we can say it hasn't. And save some scorn for Germany, too, whose significant role in this has so far been all but ignored.

If you are looking for a "palatable" take on this reality, I recommend this piece by Thomas Friedman in The New York Times that explores the role we and NATO played in provoking Russia after the fall of the USSR. Friedman writes, "This is Putin’s war. He’s a bad leader for Russia and its neighbors. But America and NATO are not just innocent bystanders in his evolution."

I also want to make another point that I should have made yesterday: Please, please, please take care to distinguish the Russian people from the Russian government. Many thousands of Russians are currently in the streets risking their own freedom simply by protesting this war. It is remarkable and brave that they are speaking out in a country that forbids it. We have good reason to believe most Russians don't want this war either.

Many famous Russian celebrities and cultural leaders are speaking out, too; and were even before the full-scale invasion. They too risk life and liberty to stand up for Ukraine.

I'd also like to give a little space to some of the folks who got this wrong. It is no secret that many pundits, on the left and right, dismissed intelligence warnings about Putin's actions as the "mass media" or "war machine" going to work to promote a narrative that didn't exist, just for clicks and sensationalism.

Bloomberg writer Noah Smith did a great job documenting how those writers have addressed being wrong. Generally, Smith's observation is that many leftists who dismissed this war have outright apologized for being wrong, while populist right-wing commentators have either changed their tune (by taking a harder stance on Putin) or simply plowed forward without acknowledging what they missed. From what I've seen, this is an accurate portrayal of the last 48 hours.

But I wanted to give special shoutouts to Matt Taibbi, Saagar Enjeti, Hasan Piker and Krystal Ball, who all took pains to publicly apologize to their audiences for downplaying the threat and took ownership of the fact that they were mistaken. This takes a great deal of courage and intellectual humility. It is something I try to do in my own writing, and it is exceedingly rare in today's political atmosphere. It should be celebrated. Kudos to them, they have earned my trust and respect.

Finally, for my American readers who are interested in some introspection of their own: Exploring the United States’ history of imperialism is not a pleasant ride to take. But I think it is necessary. Trust me, I've done it. You'll feel the urge to look away. It is dark and checkered and it may fill you with shame to see some of the things our military and our government have done over the last two centuries. We have at times lived up the best of our ideals and at times unleashed nothing but horror on millions of innocents, sometimes for little more than oil or pride.

That your government has made these grave mistakes does not mean you cannot or should not speak out about the horrors Putin is now unleashing. On the contrary, it makes it all the more important that you do. It only makes you a hypocrite if you don’t hold our government to the same standards.

And guess what? Sometimes, American intervention works. And it has been just. As I wrote yesterday, we should not lose sight of the fact that millions of people are willing to die for a chance to live in a country committed to the ideals of democracy, the kind of democracy the United States helped usher into the modern world. And as with today's main topic, this reality should give you the inclination to use that freedom and exercise your vote.

War is a horrible, nauseating thing when you see it unfold as we are seeing it now. Reports of bombings hitting kindergartens or hospitals are popping up in Ukrainian media. President Zelensky told EU leaders in a video conference last night that this might be “the last time” they see him alive. I’m safe and thousands of miles away and finding it hard to sleep or focus. I cannot imagine what it is like for the people of Ukraine or Ukrainians in America and across the globe with friends and family in harm’s way.

The contours of this conflict — and what it means for Americans and the global order more broadly — are not going to be simple. Look for the gray, not the black and white, and you may actually find some clarity.

Quick hits.

1. President Biden will nominate judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, 51, to the Supreme Court. Jackson served as a clerk to Justice Stephen Breyer, who is retiring from the bench. (The announcement)
2. The CDC is expected to ease its masking guidelines today and tie future plans to a combination of factors besides case counts, including hospital capacity. (The plan)
3. Three former Minneapolis police officers were found guilty in federal court of violating George Floyd's civil rights by not intervening in his murder. (The ruling)
4. Champions League soccer stripped Russia's hosting rights for its championship final and Formula One announced it is dropping the Russian Grand Prix. (The decisions)
5. Two prosecutors leading the Manhattan District Attorney's criminal investigation into the Trump Organization have resigned, setting off doubts about the future of the investigation. (The resignations)

Our 'Quick Hits' section is created in partnership with Ground News, a website and app that rates the bias of news coverage and news outlets.

Have a nice weekend.

It's a difficult week to find good news, so I wanted to make sure I did that today. Given the crisis, it feels important to look for the helpers in all of this. I was touched to see so many nations surrounding Ukraine step up so quickly. Moldova, the smallest nation bordering Ukraine, and the poorest nation in Europe, has opened its doors to Ukrainian refugees, liberalized entry rules and is saying anyone who crosses will be rescued. The Romanian defense minister said they could take in 500,000 Ukrainians. Poland has opened its doors. Ireland has waived its visa requirements. And, historically, the U.S. has been a great fit for Ukrainian refugees: Some 1 million have migrated here and flourished in the states. Fiona Harrigan wrote about the nations accepting Ukrainians, and why the U.S. should also take more in, here.

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